It’s important to note that in all formats of cricket, there are rules around player substitutions. Substitutions in Basketball. "Shadab hit. The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the Laws of Cricket . The upcoming December 23 mini-auction for IPL 2023 got more interesting when the BCCI announced the introduction of the ‘Impact Player’ rule. Kangkan Talukdar He bowls right-arm medium fast and in the last 5 matches this player has taken 2, 1, 1, 3, 1. Only an overseas player who is part of five substitutes named in the team sheet. A 12th player acts as a substitute fielder in cricket. There are 16 players in a Field Hockey team - 11 on the field and 5 substitutes. - Knowledge WOW Who Permits The Substitutes To Replace A Player On The Field? Substitutions are governed under Law 3 of the Laws of the Game in the (3) Substitution Procedure section. com website or download My11Circle Fantasy Cricket App and register via Facebook or your Email ID & Mobile. This is, however, subject to specific conditions and the regulations stipulated in Laws 24. Kathmandu. Advertisement. The Kho Kho game gained international credit with the first Asian Championship which was held in Kolkata in 1996. This IPL 2023 new rule will allow each franchise to replace a player from the initial selection of eleven by pre-announced four backup players along with the playing XI. If a player gets replaced by an Impact Player substitute, but. 1. It has to be noted that a foreign player can be included among substitutes only if there are fewer than four overseas players in the original Playing XI. A substitute in the sport of cricket is a replacement player that the umpires allow when a player has been injured or become ill, after the nomination of the players at the start of the game. On Friday, December 2, IPL’s social media handles announced that the upcoming season will have a “tactical concept” of player substitutions. 3 , and Law 42. The ‘Impact Player’ rule allows teams to bring in what is cricket’s equivalent of a substitute midway through the game, allowing the side to make adjustments according to changing conditions or to replace a non-performing player. While eleven. 1. Additionally, the impact player needs to be introduced before the 14th over of an inning. Batting and Bowling for Substitutes. Teams could name 11 cricketers and a full substitute at the toss. SuperSub was called a substitute player who could come out and replace any athlete at any time during the match. For CSK, Akask Singh was the impact player who replaced Ambati Rayudu. Stats. Tactical substitutions will make an appearance in IPL 2023, with the BCCI set to introduce the. 09-Jun-2020. However, he then got to participate in the match as a concussion substitute for Shadab. It is quite clear (and has been for a long time) that teams are (effectively) cheating to provide key players with rest. Teams. There are various types of substitutes in Cricket such as. Full Cricket World Cup 2023 fixtures. Substituted players must return to the game as soon as they are capable. In 2005, the ICC introduced the Supersub in 2005 for ODIs. According to a note issued to the state teams, which Sportstar has seen, the BCCI said, "The concept is to allow one substitute player per team to take a more active part in a match. Teams must name four substitutes along with their starting XI on the team sheet before the toss. The substitute could replace any player from the starting XI at any point before the end of the 14th over of either innings and was allowed to bat and bowl his full quota of overs. (Credit: Twitter) The Indian Premier League (IPL) has introduced the "Impact Player" rule in the new. 1. ILT20 League: No Pakistani players in UAE T20 League as Pakistan Cricket Board denies NOC to Azam Khan, Desert Vipers to sign replacement soon, Follow LIVE Updates. Register: Go to the Registration page on My11Circle. In cricket, if a player on a team gets injured or falls ill during a match, a substitute player can step in and take over their batting or bowling duties. Match 3 | LSG vs DC (Lucknow) – Krishnappa Gowtham for Ayush. Scores. PKL 8 review. ICC ODI World Cup 2023 will be organized by India this year. 3 of the ICC playing conditions for concussion substitution states: “The ICC Match Referee should ordinarily approve a Concussion Replacement Request if the replacement is a like-for-like player whose inclusion will not excessively advantage his team for the remainder of the match. My11Circle fantasy app is a part of Games24x7 – India's most trusted gaming business with more than 15 years of experience in running a full-stack portfolio of skill and casual games. twitter. Here is the list of substitute players for the match: Mumbai Indians: Nehal Wadhera, Ramandeep Singh, Vishnu Vinod, Shams Mulani, and Arjun Tendulkar. The Indian Premier League have announced that they will allow tactical substitutes to be made in the 2023 edition of the tournament. The substitute may pitch and bat. At the beginning of a One Day International (ODI) match, the teams would list 12 players, where the twelfth man actually could make a tangible impact in the game — The Super Sub. In July 2019, the International Cricket Council, or ICC, announced a provision for concussion-substitution in Test cricket. The Asian Kho Kho Federation first came into existence in 1987 at the time of the third SAF Games in India. 1, if a player gets injured while fielding in. Keralite Vishnu came on for Ishan Kishan who suffered a concussion after an accidental. One can select a maximum of 7 seven players from one team. This is for the very first time that IPL will see this rule as Australia-based Big Bash League has already introduced it. How are substitutes used? Test cricket, unlike most team sports, does not have tactical substitutions. Contents. Learn how points are calculated in online fantasy cricket & football on My11Circle. The substitute player can bat, bowl and field but would not be able to lead the team as captain. 36, the procedure for handling persons other than players entering the field of play is outlined: The coach and other officials named on the team list (with the exception of players or substitutes) are team officials. Any Indian player can act as an Impact Player, while an overseas player can only be used in the role if the team hasn't used the full quota in the starting XI. Rules to substitute playersThe substitute could replace any player from the starting XI at any point before the end of the 14th over of either innings, and was allowed to bat and bowl his full quota of overs. 24. Tushar Deshpande for Ambati Rayudu, B Sai Sudharsan for Kane Williamson. Players. A left-arm bowler with good pace and the ability to swing the ball, Jason Behrendorff has come to prominence for Australia in limited-overs cricket as a new ball specialist. A substitute, allowed when a nominated player becomes ill or injured, can step up to carry the mantle. What Is Substitute Player Rule in IPL? While announcing their Playing XI for the game, a team will have to name five substitute players as well. “Teams need to identify playing XI and 4 substitutes at the time of the toss. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) announced that Mohammad Rizwan has replaced Sarfaraz Ahmed as a concussion substitute in the ongoing second Test between Pakistan and Sri Lanka at the Singhalese Sports Club. A player once replaced can not take any more part in the game. PBKS vs KKR. Rule 1. Even then, Wiese and Short, who is a keeper, can only. A nominated player is allowed to bat, bowl or field even though a substitute has previously. Out of the 4 substitutes named in the team sheet, only one of the players can be used as an Impact player,” the BCCI circular stated. See full list on sportzcraazy. Series. Other than the eleven players who play the match, four extra players are. Earlier to the IPL 2022 Mega Auction all 8 existing teams announced their retained players list and released the remaining players to the auction pool from which the 2 new IPL teams are allowed to draft a maximum of 3 players each. The Premier League recently announced that five substitutions are allowed per team in a game. The controversial lobby rule has been done away with, while more substitutions and larger matchday squads. 7. The rule that was implemented in the Syed Mushtaq Ali earlier this year required teams to name four. Impact Players: Match-wise list of substitutes in IPL 2023. The replaced player cannot participate in the remainder of the match in any form, not even as a substitute fielder. Start completing the fillable fields and carefully type in required information. Follow Us. આઈપીએલની નવી સીઝન માટે ઘણા ખેલાડીઓએ પોતાનું નામ પણ રજિસ્ટર કરાવી દીધુ છે. By Ravi Kumar Jha On October 27, 2023 19:46 IST. The Impact Player can bat and or bowl his full quota of four overs, irrespective of the player he is replacing. Other than set out in clause 1. England cricket players, full details of England cricketers - profile, batting averages, bowling averages, stats in England and abroad, full statistics, records, videos and photosDr. So a team can essentially use a new ball bowler in the powerplay and bring in a specialist for the death. AFP. The biggest cricket league in the world, the Indian Premier League, or IPL, kicked off on March 31st, 2023. Stats. The eliminator match between Kathmandu Knights and Biratnagar Super Kings in the Nepal T20 League saw one of the rarest moments – the former were without a single substitute player in the dugout – at the TU cricket ground in Kirtipur. Kolkata Knight Riders: Mandeep Singh, Litton Das. Restrictions on role of substitutes. Find clues for In cricket, a player selected to play if required as a substitute fielder (7,3) or most any crossword answer or. Additionally, no points are awarded for centuries in T10 matches. "Explore the rules governing substitute fielders in cricket, including like-for-like replacements and injury management protocols. Make certain that you designate Captain and vice-Captain to the most important players to get double points on their performance. In general, substitutes are allowed only in cases of injury or illness, and. Injuries and Substitutions. This opens the normal player list,. 1. Yes, as per the law 24. 5x times the points for his performance. 11 players on field. If the substitute fielder hangs onto a catch, it will go down as "caught sub" in the scorebook. Where. This player is a right-arm slow Bowler and in the recently played 4 matches Bishal Sharma has taken 3 wickets at an average of 0. +8. if a player injures his head or neck during the field of play in a match. A substitute, may not bat, bowl or captain the team. The Invincible - The player who can miraculously evade defenders, even when. It is a run awarded to one team for various breaches of the Laws by the other team, generally related to unfair play or player conduct. They can only substitute for a fielder and are not allowed to bowl, bat, or become the captain. Concussion substitute rule for IND vs AUS World Cup 2023 final explained. Many of these penalties have been added since 2000. Download My11Circle - Fantasy Cricket and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. How will the Impact Player be introduced? The captain will have to inform the on field umpires about the introduction of the Impact Player, and the umpire will make a signal by crossing his hands above his. He was ruled out of the game during the 15th over of SA's chase and was replaced by Usama Mir, who became the first-ever concussion substitute in World Cup history. PKL 8 review. That meant two substitutes were required, and according to James the locals. Substitute (cricket) A substitute in the sport of cricket is a replacement player that the umpires allow when a player has been injured or become ill, after the nomination of the players at the start of the game. The substitute can replace any player from the starting XI at any point before the end of the 14th over of either innings, and is allowed to bat and bowl his full quota of overs. The captain decides which bowler. 1. In 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC) introduced a controversial rule known as “Supersub. SuperSub is an experimental rule in One-day International cricket, in effect from July 2005 to February 2006. 14 hours ago · Cricket News: For all those young boys and girls, who failed to make a career in sports, here’s a message from a successful team manager of Cricket Australia. The substitute fielder may be a batsman, bowler or wicket keeper. The 12th player is a reserve or substitute player during a cricket match who becomes crucial in case of injuries or unforeseen events. “Time for a New Season. Anyone not named on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is an outside agent. There are more than 100 alternatives to KMPlayer for a variety of platforms, including Windows, Mac, Linux, Android and BSD apps. Teams. The “Impact Player” rule is one such rule that allows the teams to bring on a substitute player. 3(b) (Captain). 3. If the original fielder gets injured and cannot continue playing, then he will be replaced by his substitute fielder during the match. Use the Cross or Check marks in the top toolbar to select your answers in the list boxes. However, the inability to keep the ball down presented a catching opportunity for the point fielder. The ECB has decided to allow concussion substitutes for the upcoming T20 Blast. I believe that it's a genuine contest when it's 11 v 11. A substitution in basketball is when one player on the court is replaced by a player from the bench. If a player suffers concussion and becomes unfit to take any further. Royal Challengers Bangalore: Faf du Plessis, Akash Deep, Karn Sharma, Finn Allen, Anuj Rawat. 2 A substitute shall not bowl or act as captain but may act as wicket-keeper only withthe consent of the umpires. This will give teams a chance to bring in a substitute player at any time during the game. PKL Season 9. But they cannot be used in specialist positions, which means. More. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesCheck out for the latest news on substitute player along with substitute player live news at Times of IndiaThe IPL 2023 also sees, for the first time in the competition’s history, the Impact Player rule. Yuzvendra Chahal Record ©ICC-Twitter. 2. Just watched the Sri Lanka v SA test match. The concept is relatively new in. The comeback has seen him score two back-to-back centuries followed by a fighting 92 against England in the. 16, 2023. CSK vs GT on May 29, 2023. Points for any contribution they make as per the Fantasy Points System. Match referees will have a huge say if a team decides to bring a substitute during a match. More common is a substitute, a substitute can be approved by the umpires for any injury, worsening of existing injury or exceptional circumstances. 2 of the “Substitute fielders” rule, “A substitute shall not bowl or act as captain but may act as wicket-keeper only with the consent of the umpires. Step 1. 7. As per the rule, each franchise can. 2. Player selection is an important aspect of team-based sports such as cricket. Vikram Solanki was the first ever substitute in the game of cricket. Backups are available only in select cricket matches and are optional to add. Head injuries were becoming an increasing concern in many sports and cricket was no exception. 1 if they are satisfied that a fielder has been injured or become ill and that this occurred during the match, or. They could either replace a bowler and finish their quota, be picked as a wicketkeeper (which usual substitutes could not without special permission) or could. com website or download My11Circle Fantasy Cricket App and register via Facebook or your Email ID & Mobile. The player can be brought on the field from the. The announced Impact Player substitutes will get 0 points for being announced. The ‘X-Factor Player’ can replace someone who is yet to bat, or has bowled no more than one over. Tabraiz Shamsi, the world’s No. 3. 2 – A substitute shall not bowl or act as captain but may act as wicket-keeper only with the consent of the umpires. Published: Sunday, April 23, 2023, 22:14 [IST]. COVID-19 Substitute. Taking a leaf out of the innovation playbook of the Big Bash League, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) will introduce the ‘Impact Player’ regulation in the Syed Mushtaq Ali T20 Trophy starting October 11, and is likely to be implemented in the next edition of the Indian Premier League as well. The player can be brought on the field from the. Marnus Labuschagne issued a timely reminder to selectors on the eve of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup with a Player of the Match performance after coming on as a substitute player during Australia's three-wicket victory over South Africa in Bloemfontein on Thursday. Usama Mir will replace Shadab," said the Pakistan Cricket Board in a statement. This would add a. #substitute_player_in_cricket #impact_player #cricket #cricketnews #sportsnews #somoytv #somoysports #somoynews #somoyক্রিকেটেও এবার. Bobby Marks explains what's next for NBA rosters as teams get ready for Orlando. As a standard rule, IPL teams can contain a maximum of four overseas players in its starting. The Need for Concussion Substitute. Step 1. 1 Number of players A match is played between two sides, each of eleven players, one of whom shall be. Find Test matches cricket records, latest batting, bowling, fielding, all- rounds and partnership records at ESPNcricinfo. 2. As in other sports, the captain is usually experienced and has good communication skills, and is likely to be one of the most regular members of the team, as the captain is. Although we display it from the best sources possible, we suggest you verify from your sources as well. In most football leagues, a player can come on to play in the same match as someone who has been substituted off earlier in the game. Oshane Thomas has been named as the replacement player for Ben Stokes for the IPL 2021 second phase. Cricket, Football, Kabaddi & moreWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. com. Home. Teams should not exceed their limit of 4-overseas players in the XI. The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the Laws of Cricket . Teams. The player who acts as a replacement will earn points, including the starting points. More. All ten teams will be allowed to make a substitution in a match to add more impact in the match. The next Steph Curry who will break all future NBA records. In the second case, the replaced injured player can't take further part in the match, not even as a substitute. Hence this article covers all the questions related to the new rules that the BCCI has introduced for the TATA IPL 2023: No. Players. The New Point System will come into effect for matches that go live from 4 th March, 2023 onwards. 1 is a Strict Liability Offence. talk, text, and data, plus the ability to roam in Canada and Mexico on two of the higher-tier (but at $55 and $60, still. Most players focus on offense or defense, meaning there are about 26 or 27 each of offensive and defensive substitutes. The “Impact Player” rule or tactical substitutions will be used in the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2023 season, the BCCI confirmed on Friday. 18 hours ago · The World Cup final defeat will pinch but Kapil Dev has insisted Indian players to move on and on to better and bigger goals. The subs bench could play a bigger role than ever before during IPL 2023 • BCCI. Concussion substitute rule for IND vs AUS World Cup 2023 final explained. Pick a match: Select a match from any upcoming tournament. 2. Impact Player Rule in IPL. The knowledge of matchups, pitch, playing conditions also plays an important role in creating a team. The participating. But at no point can more than eleven players be on the field. Here is the list of all Impact Players used in this 2023 IPL season so far and the cricketers subbed off for them. The Kho Kho game gained international credit with the first Asian Championship which was held in Kolkata in 1996. Payments, Withdrawals & TDS. The impact player rule in IPL 2023 means that one player from the team’s starting XI can be replaced at any point during the match. Dismissal for a duck Batter, Wicket-Keeper & All-Rounder. There are a number of tournaments throughout the year. A wicket-keeper, in Cricket, is the player who stands behind the wicket at the striker’s end. Impact Player. Always choose trending players that are in the form. In Australia’s Big Bash League, an ‘X-Factor Player’, named as either the 12th or 13th player, can come into the game beyond the 10th over of the first innings. 2 A nominated player who has a substitute or has a runner. By Chris Stocks. Both teams’ benches are located on the same sideline of the court. 4. They may only substitute for an injured player and are not restricted to any specific fielding position. Sports like basketball, football, and hockey have utilized substitutes for a long time. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "substitute players", 5 letters crossword clue. Ahmedabad: Mumbai Indians (MI) wicketkeeper-batter Vishnu Vinod on Friday became the first concussion substitute in the history of the Indian Premier League (IPL) during Qualifier 2 against Gujarat Titans (GT) at the Narendra Modi Stadium, here. The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2023 has come up with a new rule, starting from the 16th edition of the league. 1. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the. All groups and messages. Indian Premier League (IPL 2023) will introduce a new rule from next edition. Time for a New season 😃 Time for a New rule 😎 How big an "impact" will the substitute player have this edition of the #TATAIPL 🤔 pic. 1. We present an innovative knowledge-based intelligent framework for substitute suggestions by employing various. Add up to 4 Backups to your team and assign a priority order to them. Half-century Bonus. India fell short again at the cricket World Cup and their hoodoo shockingly continues in a sport they really should dominate on the field as much as off it. That Jadeja / Chahal incident was a bit of a shitshow. They get: 4 points for making an appearance. Soccer Substitution Rules. It would seem that cricket already has a similar rule – Substitute. Home. The replaced player can take no further part in the match, even as a substitute fielder. Here is the list of substitute players for the match :-. it is simply 11 on the field with 3 substitutes. What Is Substitute Player Rule in IPL? While announcing their Playing XI for the game, a team will have to name five substitute players as well. Stats. The new rule, borrowed from Australia's Big Bash League (BBL) allows teams to bring in a 12th player from a list of 5 substitute players who can be part of the Playing XI. ". Substitutes in Test Cricket. Head injuries were becoming an increasing concern in many sports and cricket was no exception. These players are usually chosen by the management of the respective cricket team. 56 minutes ago · 2. As others have already mentioned, in the history of test cricket, spanning nearly a century and a half, 10 wickets in an innings by a single bowler have only taken place thrice— by Jim Laker(England) against Australia in 1956, by Anil Kumble(India) in 1999 against Pakistan, and by Ajaz Patel (New Zealand) last November against India. If a player gets replaced by an Impact Player substitute, but. Later in the match, that substitute may. PKL 9 Auction. The idea is to emulate what sports like football, basketball etc do, whereby subs are brought in depending on the situation of the match. com The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the Laws of Cricket. substitute: 1 n a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another Synonyms: replacement Types: ersatz an artificial or inferior substitute or imitation successor a thing or person that immediately replaces something or someone succedaneum (medicine) something that can be used as a substitute (especially any medicine that may be. Scores. Last Thursday (December 1), the Board of Control for Cricket in India. Register: Go to the Registration page on My11Circle. 1. Hardik will be tough to replace for the team as his all-round skills are key to the team's balance, and India could need more than one change. 2 A substitute shall not bowl or act as captain but may act as wicket-keeper only with the consent of the umpires. 1. Teams. You will finally need to get the participant or participant's guardian consent that they agree to the Cricket Australia's T&C's. If a team has four overseas players in its playing XI, then the impact player cannot be a foreign cricketer. For each player, how many goals he scored, whether or not he took yellow card, and whether or not he took red card. 3(b) (Captain). Nadeem Khan: His direct hit sparked unrest in the stands at the Eden Gardens, and. 5 languages. Captain (or skipper). You will need to add in the following details, First Name, Last Name, Email and Date of birth. In baseball, a player may be substituted for any reason. Users need to create a team comprising 11 players within 100 credits. Join crores of fans, along with experts such as Sourav Ganguly and Shane Watson, and win real cash. Cricket enthusiasts and players alikeSoccer Substitution Rules. Recording Concussion Substitutes and Other Substitutes (PCS Pro) If a player is substituted out of a match because they suffer a concussion, go to Scoring -> Match Details/Teams, highlight that player on their team list, click the dropdown arrow on the Replace button and select Concussion Substitute. Cricket. The 6-foot-5 Hall, who played in 30 games with Oklahoma City's G. 1 if they are satisfied that a fielder has been injured or become ill and that this occurred during the match, or. What is substitute man in cricket called? In the report of a match on Monday, 5 September 1748, the role is termed a “Seeker-out”; this was in the sense that George Smith, who was carrying an injury and had been granted a substitute fielder in previous matches, was denied one in this match. What does substitution in basketball mean?Click once on the player that is to be replaced, highlighting them in blue, and then click on the Replace button at the bottom of their team list. Ricky Ponting kept abusing Duncan Fletcher on his way back to the dressing room at Trent Bridge after having been run out by Gary Pratt, a famous moment in the 2005 Ashes series. The substitute can replace any player from the starting XI at any point before the end of the 14th over of either innings, and is allowed to bat and bowl his full quota of overs. When do the Substitute points get awarded? Player substitution points are awarded only when a player enters the field of play. Women’s Premier League. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. 24. 8 The ICC Match Referee should ordinarily. In all other circumstances, a substitute is not allowed. Restrictions on role of substitutes. How big an “impact” will the substitute player have this edition of the #TATAIPL,” the official handle of IPL said on Twitter. Impact & Substitute Player in IPL 2023 (Real Cricket™ 22) || OctaLHeyyy Guyss Welcome Back to My Channel Once Again. 66 meter square boundaries each side, and 74 meters down the. 02-Dec-2022. CricHD. The twelfth man is the substitute player for a cricket team. Among them, 273 are Indians, while 132 are. Match Date & Time. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on December 2 announced the ‘Impact Player’ rule effective from the IPL 2023 season, taking a leaf out of the. The controversial lobby rule has been done away with, while more substitutions and larger matchday squads have been allowed. The substitute could replace any player from the starting XI at any point before the end of the 14th over of either innings and was allowed to bat and bowl his full quota of overs. Two teams consisting of eleven players each can play cricket. SRH: Vivrant Sharma, Sanvir Singh, Mayank Dagar, Nitish Kumar Reddy, Marco Jansen. However, it was not an ideal start for Deshpande as the. But now the question arises, how we will choose the substitute for a particular player. An all-rounder for a cricket team is a player who is known to be both a good bowler. … See moreIn cricket, a substitute fielder is a player who is temporarily replacing another player in the field. Monday, May 29, 2023; 7:30 PM IST / 02:00 PM GMT. Dec 8, 2020, 14:36 IST. How does it work? And how does it help teams? In this article, I will explain everything related to the concussion substitute rule in cricket. The COVID-19 virus brought the cricketing fraternity to. Whether a substitute player can bat in Test cricket has generated much discussion and debate. Shivam Dube: Shivam Dube. This will be a substitute player who can come in to both bat and bowl. The BCCI already implemented the rule in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy that concluded last month. Twelfth man (cricket), a cricket. In all other circumstances, a substitute is not allowed. Australia and New Zealand played out n ODI behind closed doors before COVID-19 (Photo-Cricket Australia) The International Cricket Council came up with a COVID-19 substitute in cricket after the widespread outbreak of Coronavirus all across the globe. The replaced player cannot take further part in the match. Let’s break it down. The change however can only be made before the 14th over of the innings. Shadab Khan couldn't bowl in the league stage fixture of the 2023 World Cup match between Pakistan and South Africa. — Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) November 19, 2023. However, if the first substitution was for an injury then any subsequent substitutions must also be for an injury. There are a number of tournaments throughout the year.